中国文学享誉世界，是所有深深植根于中国历史的文化艺术形式受到保护与保存最为良好的一种。中国文学是中华民族鲜明的文化特点，与人际关系和人类生活息息相关。

丝绸之路延绵不绝，中华五千年文明源远流长，源自于对中国文化的强烈尊崇。该文化的主要精髓是传承多种精神。一是人文精神和爱国主义精神（人与自然之间的互动和互相包容）。这些概念至关重要，因为它们开辟了中庸之道，将各方利益、不同阶级、种族和民族考虑在内。在所有的古典中国文学中都能找到这些理论。丝绸之路和中华文明之所以绵延不断，一定程度上是因为这种善于变通、改革和修正的精神。

中国文学阿拉伯语翻译面临的重要问题

在阿拉伯世界，传播中国传统文化精髓、展现古代中国文化和文学魅力的书籍少之又少。

对于不熟悉中国传统文化和古典思想的译者来说，翻译中国古典文学和使用文言文非常困难。重要的不是译者是否熟练掌握中文，也不是他是否能够理解大意，而是是否能够理解其细微和敏感的内容。此外，人们对中国文化有诸多误解。不同文化背景、对中国文化知识的缺失以及中文区别于其他语言的独特性会导致译者犯错。优质译者的严重短缺也阻碍了中国文化在世界范围内的传播。

阿拉伯文学在中国

自古代起，贸易和文化的交流联结了“中国”与令人兴奋的阿拉伯世界，丝绸之路进一步促进了两地之间的交流。中国古代的历史和地理文献也提到了阿拉伯世界的新闻和故事，由中国的旅客和商人记录下来，但是这些文献只提到了阿拉伯地区的风俗传统，并没有提及阿拉伯地区人民的精神和思想世界。

《一千零一夜》的故事在中国家喻户晓，这个不朽之作的另一个中文名是《天方夜谭》。这个自古代就开始使用的名字反映出中国人民眼中的阿拉伯世界充满了奇闻轶事。当中国人在夜晚讲述《一千零一夜》的故事时，他们的灵魂也在唱诵着诗歌，他们的思维徜徉在想象世界之中。他们幻想着充满金银珠宝的洞穴，盗贼改过自新，令人兴奋的冒险之旅以及在斗争和冒险之后真理赢得胜利的场景。每一个故事的读者都感觉置身于其中，分享着自己的想象世界。  

除了《一千零一夜》之外，中国读者也通过纪伯伦的作品了解到现代阿拉伯文学。作家冰心翻译了他的作品《先知》，我非常喜欢她杰出的翻译中凸显的东方智慧和诗意的语言。该译本在中国非常受欢迎，自出版后多次重印发行。

第三个问题是缺乏来自于中国和阿拉伯的官方支持以及与之相关的学术和管理机制。我们希望未来翻译交流会有新的变化，经济效率得以提高，基础得以奠定，且双方的语言能力得以提升。

然而，尽管中国各大高校中设有阿拉伯语系以及阿拉伯文学专业，且阿拉伯文书法与中国传统文化融合，逐渐形成了具有中国风格的阿拉伯文书法，阿拉伯文学在中国的普及仍旧有限。中国风的阿拉伯文书法借鉴了中文书写独特的风格、结构、笔墨纸砚等，运用到《古兰经》和《穆罕默德言行录》的撰写当中。

阿拉伯文学作品中文翻译面临的重要问题

翻译为中文的古典阿拉伯文学遗产屈指可数，也没有诗歌和戏剧的翻译。此外，中文翻译大多聚焦于特定的阿拉伯国家，埃及和黎巴嫩作家的作品更易被翻译为中文，而以纳吉布·马哈福兹为代表的峡湾国家和阿拉伯马格里布联盟国家的作品没有得到相应的机会。

Translation Problems Of Chinese And Arabic Literature

Chinese Literature In The Arab World

Mahmoud Rahhal (Jordan) 

The Chinese literature is one of the most famous in the world. It has received the best protection and preservation among Chinese cultural arts that have been deeply rooted in history. Chinese literature is the bright cultural identity of the Chinese nation. It is concerned with the human relationship and human life. The continuity of the Silk Road and China's continuous civilization for five thousand years stems from a strong respect for Chinese culture. The main essence of this culture is to continue to inherit more than one spirit. The first is the spirit of humanity and the spirit of nationalism.(The interaction between man and nature) and (compatibility). These concepts are very important because they created the path of the ideology of moderation, which takes into account the interests of all parties, the difference of classes, races and nationalities. These theories exist in all classical Chinese literature. The continuity of the Silk Road and the Chinese civilization in this long run is certainly due to the flexibility of change and the spirit of reform and revision. 

The most important problems of translating the Chinese literature  into  Arabic

Books focusing on the dissemination of the essence of Chinese traditional culture, which show the charm and literature of ancient Chinese culture, are very few in the Arab world.  

The translation of ancient Chinese literature and its specificity using the ancient Chinese language, makes it difficult for the average translator to reach the true meaning without being familiar with traditional Chinese culture and the essence of Chinese ancient thought. It is not important that the translator is highly proficient in Chinese, nor is it sufficient for the translator to be able to understand the general meaning of the idea, but to understand the sensitive delicate aspects of the meaning; and there are many misconceptions for Chinese culture. Foreign translators still make some mistakes because of the different cultures among peoples and because of lack of knowledge of Chinese culture, the Chinese language is unique and different from other languages. The severe shortage of qualified translators hampers the spread of Chinese culture in the world.

The Arabic Literature in China

Ever since ancient times, trade and cultural exchange has been and continues to be between "China" and the ever-thrilling Arab world, which has been further enhanced by the Silk Road. The ancient Chinese historical and geographical records are not without the mention of the Arab news and their narratives, through the writings of Chinese travelers and merchants, but these writings merely monitored the Arab customs and traditions, and did not address the spiritual and intellectual worlds of the Arabs.

As the Thousand and One Nights stories have come to every Chinese house. This immortal great work of his in "China" another name is: Charming Land Nights This description has been used by Chinese since ancient times to denote the fascinating Arab world full of wonders and interesting stories in their eyes. When the Chinese in their nights chanted and read  Thousand and One Nights, their souls were singing poetry and their minds lay in the imagination. They imagined the cave full of gold and jewels, the thieves' repentance and their exciting adventures, and the triumph of truth after episodes of conflict and adventure. The reader of each story felt that he had become part of it and shared it with his wild imagination.

In addition to "Thousand and One Nights, Chinese readers also had contact with modern Arabic literature through the works of Gibran Khalil Gibran. The brilliant translation of his book "The Prophet by renowned author Bing Xin, I am fond of the great Eastern wisdom and the fantastic poetic language of this little book. The translation has been very popular in China and has been reprinted many times since its publication.

The third is the lack of official support from both the Chinese and Arab sides and the lack of academic and administrative mechanisms related to it. We hope that a new movement will emerge to exchange translation in the next time as economic efficiency has been completed and the road has been paved, and language capacity has improved greatly on both sides.

However, Arabic literature has a limited presence in China, despite the existence of Arabic language departments and literature in various Chinese universities, and the integration of Arabic calligraphy with Chinese traditional culture and its development, it gradually forms an Arabic penmanship with Chinese style,. The Chinese-style calligraphy took advantage of Chinese writing features  by the unique  style, frame, brush  and  ink, etc., especially in drawing the Qur'an and the Hadith.

The important problems of translating Arabic literature into Chinese

The ancient Arabic literary heritage has not been translated into Chinese except what count on the fingers and did not translate from the poetry and plays many works, and the Chinese translation focused on certain Arab countries, where the Egyptian writers and the Lebanese more fortunate in the transfer to the Chinese language, where comes Nageeb Mahfouz in The forefront of these writers is the literature of the Gulf and the literature of the Arab Maghreb did not meet their right.