当今世界，高科技使得翻译越来越容易，文学交流变得频繁。我们当思考:民族文学当以何种姿态立于世界文学之林?如何贡献本民族的文化精神价值?

这里我讲两个中国春秋战国时期的故事。公元前506年，在报仇心切的伍子胥的策动下，吴国出兵三万讨伐楚国，将拥有六十万大军的楚国打得落花流水、山河破碎。楚国的残兵败将逃到弱小的随国后，吴王阖闾率大军将随国国都团团围住，威逼随王交出前来避难的楚昭王。这兵临城下的一幕产生了中华文化的伟大经典。《左传·吴入郢》载有如此文字：“昭王逃随。吴兵临城下，以‘汉阳之田，君实有之’为条件，挟随交出昭王。”

危难之际，楚昭王的兄长子期，穿上弟弟的衣冠，冒充楚昭王，请随王将自己交给吴王。谁知随王坚决不肯这么做。大军压境之际，缺兵少将的随王毫不畏惧，坦坦荡荡地修书一封，派使臣转告吴王：随国虽然弱小，但与楚国有世代盟约，任何时候，双方都要同舟共济，共度时艰。如果一有危难就互相抛弃，就算你吴国将来与我随国结盟，这样的盟约谁会相信呢？所以，眼下就算吴国兵马再强大，我也断断不能将楚王出卖给你吴王。否则，不仅随国将无法取信天下，就是吴王你也会因为威逼随王，让品行高贵的随王，变成背信弃义、卖身求荣的小人，而受到天下耻笑。

随王这番大义凛然的话，让吴王满面羞愧，引兵而退。《左传》用“吴人乃退”四个字，恰到好处地表现出曾经广为传诵，后来却少有提及中华传统文化的春秋大义。

成语“二桃杀三士”和“不可半渡击之”，同样出自春秋战国时期。今天我们所见到的词典注解，还有现实生活中，每每提及“二桃杀三士”，所欣赏的是谋臣晏婴用计帮助齐景公除掉三位功高盖主的勇士。用中国传统文化的春秋大义来看，“二桃杀三士”能够流传的价值取向，恰恰不是阴谋诡计，而是三位勇士所秉持的有福同享、有难同当的凛然正气。如果换成那种见利忘义之徒，齐景公的谋臣再有百倍狡诈也不会有人中他们的诡计，上他们的圈套。说到底，不是坏人有多么坏，而是善良的人有多少善良。“不可半渡击之”所体现的本是“仁义之师，不能乘人之危”的情操，是契约社会的信用准则，是言必信、行必果的人生信条。大的方面有两国交兵，不宰来使。小的方面有菜市场的良心秤，不可以短斤少两。后来所做的解读，将投机取巧，损人利己，过度追求事半功倍效应，当成司空见惯的潜规则和“大染缸”。

楚汉争霸时，项羽的“鸿门宴”也可以是春秋大义中的一种。后来有千千万万种文字来描写项羽为何没有在鸿门宴上杀了明知是自己一生之敌的刘邦，那些写天机的，写传奇的，写权谋的，写私欲的，全都不对，事情的真相在于项羽还记得“春秋大义”这条底线，宁肯未来在战场上拼个你死我活，也不能做一个让千秋万代百般耻笑、在背后捅刀子的卑鄙小人。也就是我们经常说自己，也说别人，做任何事情，最重要的是留下一个口碑。

从事关国运的春秋大义，到家长里短的口碑，才是一直以来中国的主流传统。对春秋大义的传承是时代的灵魂所在。一种文化的诠释，总是见证一种规律：一个日渐衰落的民族，其文化必然会一天天地萎靡不振。时至今日，如果我们对真正的传统视而不见，不是痴迷于欣赏蝇营狗苟的宫廷野史与官场秘籍的所谓历史，就是将一天到晚在那里钩心斗角、彼此算计，不是铜臭熏天，就是情色泛滥的文字当成艺术美学，不仅无法担起民族复兴的历史重任，就连个人的心理健康也很难得到保证。

春秋大义对当今世界秩序构建显示出了它宝贵的精神价值，这是我们应该弘扬的优秀文化传统。我们首先要把这一精神在海上丝绸之路上传播和书写，使得这个世界不会被唯利是图的贪欲所淹没。

Literature In The Era Of Globalization 

Needs To Carry Forward The National Spirit

Liu Xinglong (China) 

In today’s world, with the aid of high technology, translation becomes easier and literary exchanges become more frequent. We should think about how national literature should stand in the forest of world literature and how to contribute to the cultural and spiritual values of the nation.

Here I’d like to tell two stories of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in Chinese history. In 506 BC, driven by the avenging Wu Zikai, Wu State sent out 30000 troops to fight against Chu State, who was beaten and broken with 600,000 troops. When the remnants of Chu State fled to Sui State, the king of Wu surrounded the whole country, threatening Sui to hand over the king of Chu who had come to take refuge. The scene of the enemy at the gates produced a great classic of Chinese culture. “Zuozhuan(Commentary on Spring and autumn annals by Zuo Qiuming), Wu breaks into Ying(capital of Chu State)” contains such a text: “The king of Chu escaped. Wu threatened the state under siege to hand over the king of Chu in the reward of the land of Hanyang.”

In times of danger, the elder brother of the king of Chu pretended to be the king in his clothes, and asked the king of Sui to hand over himself, which was refused by Sui. When the army pressed into Sui, the king of Sui told the king of Wu in a letter sent by envoys that the weak Sui would still spend hard times together with Chu as promised. If a state abandoned the other in times of danger, then the alliance would lose its meaning. The king of Sui resolved not to hand over the king of Chu even faced with the powerful Wu, otherwise Sui would lose the trust of all, and Wu would also be ridiculed for threatening the king of Sui to be a villain. 

At the great words of the king of Sui, the ashamed king of Wu retreated. “Zuo Zhuan” uses the words “thus Wu retreats”, which just shows the fact that the righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Period of traditional Chinese culture was widely known, but rarely mentioned later.

The idioms “to kill three warriors with two peaches” and “not to attack the army that is half crossing” are also from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Today in dictionary notes or in real life, “to kill three warriors with two peaches” appraises the strategy of the Qi’s counselor Yan Ying, who get rid of the three outstanding warriors. Judging from the righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Period of traditional Chinese culture, the value orientation that can be circulated by the “to kill three warriors with two peaches” is not the intrigue or trick, but the righteousness shared by the three warriors to face weal and woe together. A man of venality would never get into the trap of Qi however cunning the counselor is. After all, it is not about how bad the bad guys are, but how good the good people are. The “not to attack the army that is half crossing” is the embodiment of the “the righteous don’t take advantage of others’ precarious position”. It is the credit principle of the contract society and the creed of life for those who keep their words. From the macro perspective, it means that two states in war don’t kill the envoys. From the micro perspective, it means that there is a conscience scale of honesty in the vegetable market. However, the later interpretations become opportunism, detriment to others for the benefit of self, and excessive pursuit of the half-work effect, as a common rule and "big dye tank".

In the struggle for supremacy between the Chu and Han dynasties, Xiang Yu’s “Banquet at Hongmen” can also be one of the great righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, there are thousands of descriptions about why Xiang Yu didn't kill Liu Bang at the banquet as the enemy of his whole life. They refer to fate, legend, trickery, and lust, which are all wrong. The truth of the matter is that Xiang Yu keeps the bottom line of “the great righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Period”. He would rather have a life-or-death fight in the future battlefield than be a despicable villain ridiculed by all. That indicates that in real life we also often address the importance of good word-of-mouth.

The righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Period which concerns the destiny of the whole nation, and the good word-of-mouth from the public are actually the mainstream tradition in China. The inheritance of the great righteousness of Spring and Autumn Period is the soul of the times. The interpretation of a culture is always the witness to a rule: a declining nation is bound to lose its culture day by day. Today, if we ignore the real traditional culture, and instead appreciate the so-called history in the calculating and dark palace, or the profit-oriented or sex-obsessed works as artful aesthetics, we will fail to keep the historical mission of national rejuvenation, let alone individual mental health.

The great righteousness in Spring and Autumn Period has shown its precious spiritual value to the construction of today's world order. It is an excellent cultural tradition that we should carry forward. We must first spread the spirit on the maritime Silk Road, so that the world will not be overwhelmed by the greed of profit.